History of India since British rule.

Hi,   Happy Independence Day to all,

         This is an effort to remind all Indians about some of the important landmarks in Indian History.  The details obtained from various sources and compilations.  

Happy reading.... 

    

1751  Britain becomes the leading colonial power in India

1757 Battle of Plassey, establishment of British political rule in India at the hands of Lord Clive
1761 Third Battle of Panipat; Shah Alam II becomes India's emperor
1764 Battle of Buxer

1765 Clive appointed Company's Governor of India
1767-69 First Mysore War
1780 Birth of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
1780-84 Second Mysore War
1784 Pitt's India Act
1790-92 Third Mysore War
1793 The Permanent Settlement of Bengal
1799 Fouth Mysore War - Death of Tipu Sultan
1802 Treaty of Bassein
1809 Treaty of Amritsar
1829 Practice of Sati Prohibited
1830 Raja Ram Mohan Roy visits England
1833 Death of Raja Ram Mohan Roy
1839 Death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
1839-42 First Afghan War
1845-46 First Anglo-Sikh War
1852 Second Anglo-Burmese War
1853 First Railway line opened between Bombay and Thane and a Telegraph line in Calcutta
1857 The Sepoy Mutiny of First War of Independence
1861 Birth of Rabindranath Tagore
1869 Birth of Mahatma Gandhi
1885 Foundation of Indian National Congress
1889 Birth of Jawaharlal Nehru
1897 Birth of Subhash Chandra Bose
1904 Tibet Expedition
1905 First Battle of Bengal under Lord Curzon
1906 Foundation of Muslim League
1911 Delhi Darbar; King and Queen visit India; Delhi becomes the Capital of India
1914 World War I begins
1916 Lucknow Pact Signed by Muslim League and Congress
1918 World War I ends
1919 Montague-Chemsford Reforms introduced; Jallianwala Bagh Massacre at Amritsar
1920 Khilafat Movement launched
1927 Boycott of Simon Commission; broadcasting started in India
1928 Death of Lala Lajpat Rai
1929 Lord Irwain's Pact; resolution of complete independence passed at Lahore Congress
1930 Civil disobedience movement launched; Dandi March by Mahatma Gandhi (6 April, 1930)
1931 Gandhi Irwin Pact
1935 Government of India Act enacted
1937 Provincial Autonomy; Congress forms ministries
1939 Word War II begins (September 1)
1941 Escape of Subhash Chandra Bose from India and death of Rabindranath Tagore
1942 Arrival of Cripps Mission in India; Quit India Movement launched (August 8)
1943-1944 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose forms provisional Azad Hind Fauj and Indian National Army; Bengal Famine
1945 Trial of Indian National Army at Red Fort; Shimla Conference; World War II ends
1946 British Cabinet Mission visits India; Interim government formed at centre
1947 Division of India; Indian and Pakistan seperate independent dimensions
1948 Mahatma Gandhi assassinated (Jannuary 30); integration of princely states

1950 26 Jan, A new Indian constitution was ratified and Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Indian prime minister.

1951 First Five Year Plan commenced.

1952 First General Elections in the country; Congress Party comes to power..

1956 States Reorganization Act.

1957 2nd General Elections in India.

1961 Liberation of Goa (Dec. 18).

1962 Third General Elections in India; Chinese attack on India (Oct.).

1964 Death of Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru. Lal Bahadur Shastri selected as the Prime Minister of India.

1965 Indo-Pak War.

1966 Tashkent Agreement signed between India and Pakistan (Jan).

1967 Fourth General Elections held.

1969 Split in the Indian National Congress; Election of V. V. Giri as President of India.

1970  Indo-soviet Treaty (9th Aug), lndo-pak War (Dec. 3-17) Defeat of Pakistan; Bangladesh formed (Dec. 16).

1971-Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura became full fledged States and new Union Territories of Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram came into being. Shimla Agreement (Jul 3).

1973-Death of M.S. Golwalker (R.S.S. Chief); Indo-Pak Delhi Agreement (Aug.)

1974-lndia’s Nuclear Blast.

1975-India lifts World Hockey Cup at Kualalumpur, India enters space age by launching ‘Aryabhatta’. Sikkim becomes the 22nd State of the Union; State of Emergency to ‘forestall internal disturbances’ declared; Censorship imposed on Press.

1976-Four indian News Agencies changed into a single News Agency ‘Samachar’; India announces appointment of an ambassador to China.

1997 - Sixth Lok Sabha -Janata Party comes into power; Seventh Finance Commission appointed; N. Sanjiva Reddy elected Presidents of India, Farakka Agreement signed with Bangladesh (Nov.).

1978-lnauguration of National Adult Education Programme (Oct.); Central Services Examinations to be in regional languages also- Kothari Committee’s recommendations accepted by the Central Government (Oct.); 44th Constitution Amendment Bill passed (Dec.).

1979- lndia’s Second Satellite Bhaskara launched into space.

1980- Six more commercial banks Nationalized (April).

1981- Rohini Satellite in orbit (May) Congress becomes Indian National Congress (July), Bhasker-2 launched in orbit (Nov).

1982- The 21 members Indian scientific expedition headed by Dr. S. Z. A. Qasim, lands on Antarctica (Jan. 9), INSAT-I-A launched, India’s second expedition reaches Antarctica (Dec).

1983- India launches Rohini-2 satellite by indigenous launcher built in india named SLV-3-D-2 Rocket (June), INSAT-I-B launched into Space.

1984-Rakesh Sharma in orbit (April), Military action in Punjab (June), Smt. Indira Gandhi assassinated (Oct. 31), Sri Rajiv Gandhi becomes Prime Minister of india

1985 -6 Nations Summit in Delhi (Jan), Anti Defection Bill Passed and comes into force (Feb.), Kanishka’ crashes near Ireland (June ).

1987 R.Venkataraman elected President; Shankar Dayal Sharma elected Vice-President of India, Bofors gun and Fairfax controversies.
1989 Ram Shilanyas Puja at Ayodhya; India’s first IRBM ‘ Agni’ successfully launched from Orissa (May); Trishul Missile test fised (June); Second successful launch of Prithvi (Sept); Rajiv Government loses poll  and resigns (Nov.29); V.P. Singh sworn in as seventh PM,

1990 Last of IPKF return home (March); Indian Airlines A-320 Airbus Crash (Feb); Janata Dal splits; BJP withdraws support to the Government. Advani takes out Rath Yatra and is arrested, Mandal commission Report implemented announced by V.P. Singh. Violence in Ayodhya due to Ram Janam Bhoomi-Babri Masjid dispute
1991 Gulf War breaks out (Jan. 17); Rajiv Gandhi assassinated (May 21); Xth Lok Sabha constituted (June); P. V. Narasimha Rao becomes Prime Minister
1992 India establishes full diplomatic ties with Israel (Jan); Bharat Ratna and Oscar winner Satyajit Ray dies (April 23); S.D.Sharma elected President (July 25); INS Shakti-first indigeneously built submarine was launched
1993 Ordinance to acquire 67.33 acres in Ayodhya (Jan); Wave of bombing leaves 300 dead in Bombay; Insat-2B becomes fully operational; Earthquake in Maharashtra
1994 Government monopoly over civil aviation ends; Storm over GATT treaty; Plague outbreak;  Sushmita Sen-Miss Universe; Aishwarya Rai-Miss World
1995 Mayawati First Dalit Chief Minister of UP; BJP comes to power in Maharashtra and Gujarat, Janata Dal in Karnataka and Congress in Orissa; President’s Rule in UP after fall of Mayawati; INSAT 2C and IRSI-C launched
1996 Hawala takes toll of several Union Ministers and opposition leaders; PSLV D3 launched with IRSP-3 ushering new era in India space programme; BJP emerges as the single largest party in 11^th LS elections.
1997 On August 15, India celebrated its 50th year of Independence
1998 Death of Mother Teressa; Atal Behari Vajpayee becomes Indian Prime Minister; India explodes its second nuclear device (Pokhran II)
1999 Indian Airlines plane IC-814 hijacked by terrorists and taken to Kandahar. Three militants released by Indian govt.for the freedom of hostages. Flt. Lt. K. Nachiketa, the captured Indian pilot, released by Pakistan after eight days of captivity. ‘Operation Vijay’ launched by Indian Army to flush out Pakistani infiltrators inside LoC in the Kargil sector of J&K, India wins battle.
2000  US President Bill Clinton visits India during March 2000. Three new states Chhatisgarh, Uttaranchal and Jharkhand created. India’s population crossed one billion mark.
2001 ‘Agra Summit’ between India and Pakistan in July 2001; Worst natural calamity of India- Gujarat Earthquake in Jan; ‘Tehelka.Com’ screened video tapes which opened the murky world of arms deal and its kickbacks in March; Enron bids farewall to Indian energy sector, GSLV launched successfully in April.
2002-  71-year old missile scientist, APJ Abdul Kalam, is elected President of India; the Godhra Incident in Gujarat, National Water Policy announced in April.
2003- Formation of Strategic Forces Command and the Nuclear Command Authority by India, INSAT-3A & 3E successfully launched into space; CBI forms an Economic Intelligence Wing to tackle white-collar crime.

200

2004 NDA government ousted. Dr. Manmohan Singh becomes PM. Thousands are killed by Tsunami in the south and in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

2005 April - Bus services, between Srinagar and Muzaffarabad.  Outsourcing service industry creates economic  boom resulting in new employment opportunities. Earthquake kills more than 1,000 people in Kashmir. Bombs kill 62 people in Delhi.

2006 February - India's largest-ever rural jobs scheme is launched, July - More than 180 people killed in bomb attacks on trains in Mumbai. Explosions outside a mosque in Malegaon. US approves a law allowing India to buy US nuclear reactors and fuel for the first time in 30 years.

2007 February - 68 passengers killed by bomb blasts and a blaze on a train travelling from New Delhi to Lahore. March - Maoist in Chhattisgarh kill more than 50 policemen. April - India's first commercial space rocket is launched, carrying an Italian satellite. Strongest economic growth figures for 20 years - 9.4% in the year. Smt. Pratibha Patil becomes first woman to be elected president of India.

2008  - Congress-led coalition survives vote of confidence. July - Series of explosions kills 49 in Ahmedabad, India successfully launches its first mission to the moon, Chandrayaan-1.  November - Nearly 200 people are killed and hundreds injured in a series of co-ordinated attacks on Mumbai.

2009  General election victory gives governing Congress-led alliance of PM Manmohan Singh an enhanced position in parliament, 11 seats short of an absolute majority. Telangana issue spurs violence in Andhra Pradesh.

2010  Ajmal Amir Qasab, is convicted of murder, waging war on India.  June- Bhopal court sentences eight Indians for the 1984 Union Carbide gas plant leak- the world's worst industrial accident. September - Allahabad High Court verdict on Ayodhya dividing between Hindus and Muslims;

2011 March census put India's population at 1.21bn. India overtakes China to become the world's largest importer of arms. August - Anna Hazare stages 12-day hunger strike in Delhi to protest corruption.  November – Telecom spectrum scandal - Fourteen people including a government minister go on trial.

2012  First official visit to Burma by an Indian prime minister since 1987. Police in Delhi arrest Abu Hamza, also known as Syed Zabiuddin, Pranab Mukherjee is elected as president. India wins 6 medals in London Olympics, 2 silver and 4 bronze.

When did Mahatma became Father of the Nation

    

    An interesting piece of material which I came through, made me to think and wonder, Have you ever thought when did Mahatma Gandhi was conferred with "Father of the Nation" title. I don't know..... Even the Indian Government does not know..

     The same question has been asked by a ten year old girl. The central government has been unable to answer to a Right to Information (RTI) question put up by Aishwarya Parashar, asking the year when Mahatma Gandhi was conferred with the title of 'Father of the Nation'.

Aishwarya says....

     "I was reading my Class 5 social studies textbook, so there was a lesson about Mahatma Gandhi; it said that Mahatma Gandhi is referred to as 'Father of the Nation'. So, a question came to my mind regarding the year when he was conferred with this title. There was nothing mentioned in my book. So, I asked my teachers, they had no clue. Then, I asked my parents, they didn't know and neither did I find any information on Google. So, my parents suggested that I file a Right to Information (RTI) to the Prime Minister's Office," 

     After the PMO was unable to respond to her query, her application was forwarded to the Ministry of Home Affairs which in turn forwarded to the National Archives. 

     "When I sent a letter to the prime minister's office, so they sent a reply saying that they had no specific information regarding the same. So, then my RTI was forwarded to the home ministry and they had no answer as well, so then it was forwarded to National Archives and they too did not have any information. They told me that if I want to research on this subject, then I can go there and conduct my research," 

 she said. 

     According to the latest reports, the National Archives did not have public records regarding the concerned title....

                  So.... does any body know anything about this...

                  Please let me know.

BACHELORS...LIFE'S CALLING, WHERE ARE YOU ?

Recently, I came across this story which captured my thoughts....

I thought this may be helpful to many youngsters who are virtually practicing as said below :-

enjoy reading..

A Mail sent by Narayan Murthy to all Infosys staff:

It’s half past 8 in the office but the lights are still on… PCs still running, coffee machines still buzzing… And who’s at work? Most of them ??? Take a closer look…

All or most specimens are ?? Something male species of the human race…

Look closer… again all or most of them are bachelors…

And why are they sitting late? Working hard? No way!!! Any guesses??? Let’s ask one of them… Here’s what he says… ‘What’s there 2 do after going home…Here we get to surf, AC, phone, food, coffee that is why I am working late…Importantly no bossssssss!!!!!!!!!!!’

This is the scene in most research centers and software companies and other off-shore offices.

Bachelors ‘Passing-Time’ during late hours in the office just bcoz they say they’ve nothing else to do… Now what r the consequences…

‘Working’ (for the record only) late hours soon becomes part of the institute or company culture.

With bosses more than eager to provide support to those ‘working’ late in the form of taxi vouchers, food vouchers and of course good feedback, (oh, he’s a hard worker….. goes home only to change..!!). They aren’t helping things too…

To hell with bosses who don’t understand the difference between ‘sitting’ late and ‘working’ late!!!

Very soon, the boss start expecting all employees to put in extra working hours.

So, My dear Bachelors let me tell you, life changes when u get married and start having a family… office is no longer a priority, family is… and That’s when the problem starts… b’coz u start having commitments at home too.

For your boss, the earlier ‘hardworking’ guy suddenly seems to become a ‘early leaver’ even if u leave an hour after regular time… after doing the same amount of work.

People leaving on time after doing their tasks for the day are labelled as work-shirkers…

Girls who thankfully always (its changing nowadays… though) leave on time are labelled as ‘not up to it’. All the while, the bachelors pat their own backs and carry on ‘working’ not realizing that they r spoiling the work culture at their own place and never realize that they would have to regret at one point of time.

So what’s the moral of the story??

* Very clear, LEAVE ON TIME!!!

* Never put in extra time ‘ unless really needed ‘

* Don’t stay back unnecessarily and spoil your company work culture which will in turn cause inconvenience to you and your colleagues.

There are hundred other things to do in the evening..

Learn music…..

Learn a foreign language…

Try a sport… TT, cricket………..

Importantly,get a girl friend or boy friend, take him/her around town…

* And for heaven’s sake, net cafe rates have dropped to an all-time low (plus, no fire-walls) and try cooking for a change.

Take a tip from the Smirnoff ad: *’Life’s calling, where are you??’*

Please pass on this message to all those colleagues and please do it before leaving time, don’t stay back till midnight to forward this!!!

IT’S A TYPICAL INDIAN MENTALITY THAT WORKING FOR LONG HOURS MEANS VERY HARD WORKING & 100% COMMITMENT ETC.

PEOPLE WHO REGULARLY SIT LATE IN THE OFFICE DON’T KNOW TO MANAGE THEIR TIME. SIMPLE !

Regards, NARAYAN MURTHY.

Now...

Did you like this, please let me know...

Ray of Hope

ಸಾಗರಕೆ ಮುತ್ತಿನ ಸುರಿಮಳೆ ಯೆರೆಯುತಿರುವ  ಬೆಳ್ಳಿ ಕಿರಣ..

ಜೀವನವನ್ನು ಎದೆತಟ್ಟಿ ಎದುರಿಸುವೆ  

ಸೂರ್ಯ ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ 

ಕತ್ಲಲನು ಹೊಡೆದೋಡಿಸಲು ಭೂಮಿಗಿಳಿದ  ಆಶಾಕಿರಣ

ಮುಸುಕಿದ ಮಬ್ಬನು ಸೀಳಿ...

 

ಸಾಗಕೆ ಮುತ್ತಿಕ್ಕಿ ಸೇರುತಿರುವ ಸಮಯ...   

ಬಾನಂಗಳದಲ್ಲಿ ರಂಗೋಲಿ ... ನಮ್ಮ ಜೀವನ ಶೈಲಿ...

ಹೋಗಿಬಾ ಗೆಳೆಯ.. ಮತ್ತೆ ಸಿಗೋಣ ...

One more Blogger joined the Blogosphere

Hi every one,
     

     Its been long since I have been using this virtual world.  Its been quite some time I have been into emails, then slowly joined the bandwagon of facebook and tweeps.      

     Eureka ! One fine day, it stuck me..... to blog my thoughts. Even though I may be late...I was inspired to start one..... Better late than sorry. Well, we'll see how far this goes =) 

      My thoughts motivated me to opt blogging.  One of the reasons why I like to blog would be to share my thoughts to like minded people like U.... who can enlighten me with your comments and correct me if I am wrong.  This also helps me learn new stuff through comments.

     Another reason why I blog is to build new relationships with people who have the same thoughts as myself and to voice one's opinion , I think personal expression is certainly at the heart of it for making this blog possible.

     My blog would speak about many issues, which may vary from relatively reasonable to ponder upon and sometimes totally idiotic which is worth blogging about.  

   The views expressed may vary... and nothing personal or official about it.. 

  So.. Happy Blogging...